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Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism

State Icon Reaction EC-Number Confidence maximal confidence score from EnzymeDetector
L-glutamate + oxidized_ferredoxin <=> 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + reduced_ferredoxin_[iron-sulfur]_cluster + H+ 1.4.7.1 glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)

N-formyl-L-glutamate + H2O <=> L-glutamate + formate 3.5.1.68 N-formylglutamate deformylase
3.5.1.8 formylaspartate deformylase


(3S)-3-carboxy-3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA + H2O <=> (S)-malate + CoA + H+ 3.1.2.30 (3S)-malyl-CoA thioesterase

(R)-2-methylmalonyl-CoA <=> succinyl-CoA 5.4.99.2 methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
5.4.99.63 ethylmalonyl-CoA mutase
5.4.99.64 2-hydroxyisobutanoyl-CoA mutase



NAD+ + meso-tartrate <=> H+ + NADH + Dihydroxyfumarate 1.3.1.7 meso-tartrate dehydrogenase

NAD+ + L-Tartrate <=> H+ + NADH + Oxaloglycolate 1.1.1.93 tartrate dehydrogenase

Dihydroxyfumarate <=> Oxaloglycolate not assigned

(S,S)-Tartrate <=> H2O + oxaloacetate 4.2.1.2 fumarate hydratase
4.2.1.32 L(+)-tartrate dehydratase
4.2.1.34 (S)-2-methylmalate dehydratase
4.2.1.81 D(-)-tartrate dehydratase




H+ + glyoxylate <=> CO2 + tartronate_semialdehyde 4.1.1.47 tartronate-semialdehyde synthase

(2S)-methylsuccinyl-CoA + flavin <=> 2-methylfumaryl-CoA + reduced_flavodoxin 1.3.8.12 (2S)-methylsuccinyl-CoA dehydrogenase

glycine + 2-oxoglutarate <=> glyoxylate + L-glutamate 2.6.1.2 alanine transaminase
2.6.1.4 glycine transaminase
2.6.1.42 branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase
2.6.1.44 alanine---glyoxylate transaminase
2.6.1.48 5-aminovalerate transaminase
2.6.1.60 aromatic-amino-acid---glyoxylate transaminase
2.6.1.7 kynurenine---oxoglutarate transaminase







beta-methylmalyl-CoA <=> glyoxylate + propionyl-CoA 4.1.3.24 malyl-CoA lyase

formate + NAD+ <=> CO2 + NADH 1.17.1.10 formate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.17.1.9 formate dehydrogenase


(3S)-3-carboxy-3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA <=> glyoxylate + acetyl-CoA 4.1.3.24 malyl-CoA lyase

H2O + N-formyl-L-aspartate <=> L-aspartate + formate 3.5.1.15 aspartoacylase
3.5.1.8 formylaspartate deformylase


glycolate + O2 <=> glyoxylate + H2O2 1.1.3.13 alcohol oxidase
1.1.3.15 (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase


(2S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA + NADP+ <=> crotonyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH 1.3.1.85 crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase

L-Tartrate <=> meso-tartrate 5.1.2.5 tartrate epimerase

citrate <=> cis-aconitate + H2O 4.2.1.117 2-methylcitrate dehydratase (2-methyl-trans-aconitate forming)
4.2.1.3 aconitate hydratase


D-glycerate + NADP+ <=> tartronate_semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ 1.1.1.60 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase

NH3 + L-glutamate + ATP <=> H+ + L-glutamine + ADP + phosphate 6.3.1.2 glutamine synthetase

L-threo-3-methylaspartate <=> L-glutamate 5.4.99.1 methylaspartate mutase

formate + ATP <=> formyl_phosphate + ADP 2.7.2.6 formate kinase
6.3.4.3 formate---tetrahydrofolate ligase


NAD+ + D-glycerate + CO2 <=> NADH + Oxaloglycolate + H+ 1.1.1.92 oxaloglycolate reductase (decarboxylating)

glycine + tetrahydrofolate + NAD+ <=> 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NH3 + CO2 + NADH 1.4.1.f
1.4.4.2 glycine dehydrogenase (aminomethyl-transferring)
1.8.1.4 dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
2.1.2.10 aminomethyltransferase




oxalate + H+ <=> formate + CO2 4.1.1.2 oxalate decarboxylase

cis-aconitate + H2O <=> isocitrate 4.2.1.3 aconitate hydratase

H2O + dimethylformamide <=> Dimethylamine + formate 3.5.1.56 N,N-dimethylformamidase

D-glycerate + ATP <=> H+ + 2-phospho-D-glycerate + ADP 2.7.1.165 glycerate 2-kinase

L-threo-3-methylaspartate <=> NH3 + mesaconate 4.3.1.2 methylaspartate ammonia-lyase

acetyl-CoA + H2O + glyoxylate <=> H+ + (S)-malate + CoA 2.3.3.9 malate synthase
4.1.3.1 isocitrate lyase


H2O2 <=> H2O + O2 1.11.1.10 chloride peroxidase
1.11.1.21 catalase-peroxidase
1.11.1.6 catalase
1.14.18.1 tyrosinase




CoA + acetate + ATP <=> acetyl-CoA + diphosphate + AMP 6.2.1.1 acetate---CoA ligase
6.2.1.17 propionate---CoA ligase
6.2.1.36 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthase



glyoxylate + L-serine <=> Hydroxypyruvate + glycine 2.6.1.15 glutamine---pyruvate transaminase
2.6.1.35 glycine---oxaloacetate transaminase
2.6.1.4 glycine transaminase
2.6.1.44 alanine---glyoxylate transaminase
2.6.1.45 serine---glyoxylate transaminase
2.6.1.51 serine---pyruvate transaminase
2.6.1.60 aromatic-amino-acid---glyoxylate transaminase







meso-tartrate + NAD+ <=> H+ + Oxaloglycolate + NADH 1.1.1.93 tartrate dehydrogenase
1.3.1.7 meso-tartrate dehydrogenase


Hydroxypyruvate + CO2 <=> Dihydroxyfumarate not assigned

H2O + 2-Phosphoglycolate <=> glycolate + phosphate 3.1.3.18 phosphoglycolate phosphatase
3.1.3.2 acid phosphatase
3.1.3.29 N-acylneuraminate-9-phosphatase
3.1.3.71 2-phosphosulfolactate phosphatase
5.4.2.4 bisphosphoglycerate mutase





acceptor + glycolate <=> reduced_acceptor + glyoxylate 1.1.3.15 (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase
1.1.99.14 glycolate dehydrogenase


H+ + 2-oxoglutarate + glyoxylate <=> 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate + CO2 2.2.1.5 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthase
2.2.1.9 2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic-acid synthase


10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H2O <=> tetrahydrofolate + formate + H+ 3.5.1.10 formyltetrahydrofolate deformylase

glycolate + NADP+ <=> glyoxylate + NADPH + H+ 1.1.1.21 aldose reductase
1.1.1.215 gluconate 2-dehydrogenase
1.1.1.237 hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase
1.1.1.26 glyoxylate reductase
1.1.1.79 glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
1.1.1.81 hydroxypyruvate reductase
1.1.1.92 oxaloglycolate reductase (decarboxylating)







H+ + Dihydroxyfumarate <=> CO2 + tartronate_semialdehyde 4.1.1.54 dihydroxyfumarate decarboxylase

H2O + N-formyl-L-methionine <=> L-methionine + formate 3.5.1.14 N-acyl-aliphatic-L-amino acid amidohydrolase
3.5.1.16 acetylornithine deacetylase
3.5.1.31 formylmethionine deformylase
3.5.1.87 N-carbamoyl-L-amino-acid hydrolase
3.5.1.88 peptide deformylase





L-serine + tetrahydrofolate <=> glycine + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + H2O 2.1.2.1 glycine hydroxymethyltransferase

(3R)-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NADP+ <=> acetoacetyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ 1.1.1.100 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase
1.1.1.157 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
1.1.1.36 acetoacetyl-CoA reductase



Formamide + H2O <=> formate + NH3 3.5.1.49 formamidase
3.5.1.56 N,N-dimethylformamidase


acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate <=> citrate + CoA + H+ 2.3.3.1 citrate (Si)-synthase
2.3.3.14 homocitrate synthase
2.3.3.16 citrate synthase (unknown stereospecificity)
2.3.3.3 citrate (Re)-synthase




(3R)-hydroxybutyryl-CoA <=> crotonyl-CoA + H2O 4.2.1.119 enoyl-CoA hydratase 2
4.2.1.150 short-chain-enoyl-CoA hydratase
4.2.1.17 enoyl-CoA hydratase
4.2.1.55 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase
4.2.1.59 3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase





D-glycerate + ATP <=> H+ + 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ADP 2.7.1.165 glycerate 2-kinase
2.7.1.31 glycerate 3-kinase


acetyl-CoA <=> acetoacetyl-CoA + CoA 1.1.1.34 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
2.3.1.155 acetyl-CoA C-myristoyltransferase
2.3.1.16 acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
2.3.1.38 [acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase
2.3.1.9 acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase





glyoxylate + O2 + H2O <=> oxalate + H2O2 + H+ 1.1.3.15 (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase
1.1.3.2 L-lactate oxidase
1.2.3.5 glyoxylate oxidase



succinyl-CoA + mesaconate <=> 2-methylfumaryl-CoA + succinate 2.8.3.26 succinyl-CoA:mesaconate CoA transferase

ethylene_glycol + NAD+ <=> glycolaldehyde + NADH + H+ 1.1.1.1 alcohol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.14 L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase
1.1.1.6 glycerol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.77 lactaldehyde reductase
1.1.1.8 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+)





oxalate + O2 + H+ <=> CO2 + H2O2 1.2.3.4 oxalate oxidase

butyryl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O <=> ethylmalate + CoA + H+ 2.3.3.7 3-ethylmalate synthase

H2O + formyl-CoA <=> H+ + formate + CoA 3.1.2.10 formyl-CoA hydrolase

ferricytochrome_b5 + formate <=> ferricytochrome_b5 + CO2 + H+ 1.2.2.1 formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)

4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate <=> pyruvate + glyoxylate 4.1.3.16 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase
4.1.3.17 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate aldolase
4.1.3.42 (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase



D-glycerate + NAD+ <=> H+ + tartronate_semialdehyde + NADH 1.1.1
1.1.1.60 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase


succinyl-CoA + oxalate <=> succinate + oxalyl-CoA 2.8.3.2 oxalate CoA-transferase

D-ribulose_1,5-bisphosphate + O2 <=> 2-Phosphoglycolate + 3-phospho-D-glycerate + H+ 1.13.11
4.1.1.39 ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase


(S)-malate + NAD+ <=> oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ 1.1.1.28 D-lactate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.299 malate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.1.1.337 L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.1.1.37 malate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.375 L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.1.1.38 malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
1.1.1.81 hydroxypyruvate reductase
1.1.1.82 malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.1.1.85 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.95 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.96 diiodophenylpyruvate reductase











Hydroxypyruvate <=> tartronate_semialdehyde 5.3.1.22 hydroxypyruvate isomerase

CoA + oxalate + ATP <=> oxalyl-CoA + diphosphate + AMP 6.2.1.8 oxalate---CoA ligase

beta-methylmalyl-CoA <=> 2-methylfumaryl-CoA + H2O 4.2.1.148 2-methylfumaryl-CoA hydratase
4.2.1.153 3-methylfumaryl-CoA hydratase


pentanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O <=> 3-(n-Propyl)malate + CoA + H+ 2.3.3.12 3-propylmalate synthase

isocitrate <=> glyoxylate + succinate 4.1.3.1 isocitrate lyase

D-glycerate + NAD+ <=> H+ + Hydroxypyruvate + NADH 1.1.1.237 hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase
1.1.1.26 glyoxylate reductase
1.1.1.27 L-lactate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.28 D-lactate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.29 glycerate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.60 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase
1.1.1.79 glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
1.1.1.81 hydroxypyruvate reductase
1.1.1.92 oxaloglycolate reductase (decarboxylating)









(2R)-ethylmalonyl-CoA <=> (2S)-methylsuccinyl-CoA 5.4.99.63 ethylmalonyl-CoA mutase

glycolate + NAD+ <=> H+ + NADH + glyoxylate 1.1.1.26 glyoxylate reductase
1.1.1.27 L-lactate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.28 D-lactate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.29 glycerate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.79 glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
1.1.1.8 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.1.1.81 hydroxypyruvate reductase
1.1.1.92 oxaloglycolate reductase (decarboxylating)
1.1.99.14 glycolate dehydrogenase









(2S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA <=> (2R)-ethylmalonyl-CoA 5.1.99.1 methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase

glycolaldehyde + H2O + NAD+ <=> glycolate + NADH + H+ 1.2.1.19 aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.21 glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.22 lactaldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.24 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.4 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.2.1.5 aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.2.1.69 fluoroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.8 betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase









glyoxylate + CoA + NADP+ <=> oxalyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ 1.2.1.17 glyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating)

H+ + oxalyl-CoA <=> CO2 + formyl-CoA 4.1.1.8 oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase

H+ + Hydroxypyruvate <=> CO2 + glycolaldehyde 4.1.1.1 pyruvate decarboxylase
4.1.1.40 hydroxypyruvate decarboxylase


H2O + trans-2,3-epoxysuccinate <=> meso-tartrate 3.3.2.4 trans-epoxysuccinate hydrolase

(R)-2-methylmalonyl-CoA <=> (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA 5.1.99.1 methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase

Oxalomalate <=> glyoxylate + oxaloacetate 4.1.3.13 oxalomalate lyase

(S)-malate + CoA + ATP <=> phosphate + (3S)-3-carboxy-3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA + ADP 6.2.1.5 succinate---CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
6.2.1.9 malate---CoA ligase


NADP+ + D-glycerate + CO2 <=> NADPH + Oxaloglycolate + H+ 1.1.1.92 oxaloglycolate reductase (decarboxylating)

N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O <=> L-kynurenine + formate + H+ 3.5.1.9 arylformamidase

ATP + propionyl-CoA + HCO3- <=> H+ + (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + phosphate + ADP 6.4.1.2 acetyl-CoA carboxylase
6.4.1.3 propionyl-CoA carboxylase


D-glycerate + NADP+ <=> Hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ 1.1.1
1.1.1.215 gluconate 2-dehydrogenase
1.1.1.27 L-lactate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.29 glycerate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.60 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase
1.1.1.79 glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
1.1.1.81 hydroxypyruvate reductase
1.1.1.86 ketol-acid reductoisomerase (NADP+)
1.1.1.92 oxaloglycolate reductase (decarboxylating)









Visualization of the pathway